The Kingdom of Thailand

Thailand is located in the center of Southeast Asia and consists of two main geographic areas: a larger section in the north and a smaller peninsular extension in the south. It is bordered by Laos and Cambodia to the east, the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia to the south, the Andaman Sea and Myanmar to the west, and Laos and Myanmar to the north.

Income group

Upper middle income

Region

Southeast Asia

Capital

Bangkok

Currency

Thai Baht (THB)

Administrative divisions

76 provinces and the Bangkok Metropolitan Region

Mainland area

513,115 km²

Internet penetration

88% (2024)

Mobile phone penetration

136.1% (2024)

Demographic profile

Population hit

0 M

53.9%

Urban population (2023)

46.1%​

Rural population​ (2023)

48.8%

Male (2023)

51.2%

Female (2023)

18%

Baby boomer (2023)

25%

Gen X (2023)

23%

Gen Y (2023)

20%

Gen Z (2023)

Employment profile

The labour force reached

0 M

people in 2023​

68.35%

Participation rate (2023)

98.3%

Employment rate (2023)

80%

Labour force at MSMEs (2023)

14%

High-skilled labour ratio (2017)

US$ 842

Monthly average income (2023)

14%

Attrition rate (2023)

30.4%

Employment in Agriculture (2022)

22.2%

Employment in Industry (2022)

47.3%

Employment in Services (2022)

Economic profile​

Thailand ranks as the

0 th

-largest economy in the world

US$ 514.95B

GDP (2023)

US$ 7,810

GDP per capita (2023)

US$ 36B

Digital economy GMV (2023)

US$ 18.7B

ICT market size (2023)

99%

Percentage of SMEs (2023)

US$ 521.3M

Total capital invested in startups (2023)

The second-largest economy in Southeast Asia

FDI inflows

Thailand's foreign direct investment attracted nearly US$ 22.8 billion by 2023

Export turnovers

Thailand's export turnovers reached US$ 284.6 billion by 2023

Newly-established businesses

In 2023, there were 85,300 newly-established businesses in Thailand

US$ 22.8B

FDI Inflow (2023)

Leading FDI sectors

Electrical and electronics

40.1%

Automotive & parts

9.8%

Agriculture & food

8.8%

Petrochemicals and chemicals

5.5%

Biotechnology

3.8%

US$ 284.6B

Export turnovers​ (2023)

Top exports

Automobiles, equipment, and parts

10.9%

Computers and parts

6.3%

Gems and jewelry

5.2%

Rubber products

4.7%

Refined oil

3.6%

Electronic circuits

3.4%

85,300

Number of newly-established businesses (2023)

Top industries

General building construction

7.6%

Real estate

7.5%

Restaurants

4.7%

Consulting services

2.4%

Brokerage

2.3%

Internet Retail

2.0%

By region

Central region

20.6%

Southern region

13.7%

Eastern region

12.8%

Northeastern region

10.5%

Northern region

10.1%

Western region

2.8%

Doing business in Thailand

Opportunities & challenges

Opportunities

• Regional hub, long coastlines

• Well capitalised commercial banks with high loan-loss provisions

• Diversified exports

•  Fast growing economy

•  Richly endowed in agricultural resources

Challenges

• High corruption perception

• Uncertain political situation; antagonism between rural and urban populations

•  Inadequate infrastructure

• Large informal economy

•  Ageing population and shortage of skilled labour

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