The Kingdom of Cambodia

Cambodia borders the Gulf of Thailand. It shares borders with Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. The country features mountainous terrain in the southwest and north, and its geography is largely shaped by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake. Cambodia has a mixed economic system, characterized by a planned economy with market elements.

Income group

Lower middle income

Region

Southeast Asia

Capital

Phnom Penh

Currency

Cambodian Riels (KHR)

Administrative divisions

25 provinces (including an autonomous municipality)

Mainland area

181,035 km²

Internet penetration

56.7% (2024)

Mobile phone penetration

144.7% (2024)

Demographic profile

Population hit

0 M

25.8%

Urban population (2023)

74.2%

Rural population​ (2023)

49.5%

Male (2023)

50.5%

Female (2023)

9%

Baby boomer (2023)

15%

Gen X (2023)

26%

Gen Y (2023)

27%

Gen Z (2023)

Employment profile

The labour force reached

0 M

83.7%

Participation rate (2022)

99.3%

Employment rate (2022)

70%

Labour force at SMEs (2018)

3.8%

High-skilled labour ratio (2017)

US$ 385

Monthly average household income (2023)

19%

Average turnover rate (2022)

36.6%

Employment in Agriculture (2022)

26.6%

Employment in Industry (2022)

36.8%

Employment in Services (2022)

Economic profile​

Cambodia ranks as the

0 th

-largest economy in the world

US$ 41.86B

GDP (2023)

US$ 2460

GDP per capita (2023)

US$ 1.45B

Digital economy revenue (2023)

US$ 230.2M

IT services market revenue (2024P)

99.8%

Percentage of SMEs

US$ 130.9M

Total capital raised in the VC market (2024P)

The eighth-largest economy in Southeast Asia

FDI inflows

Cambodia's foreign direct investment attracted nearly US$ 48.4 billion by 2023

Export turnovers

Cambodia's export turnovers reached US$ 22.6 billion by 2023

GDP, by industry

Agriculture, forestry and fishing contributed the most to Cambodia's GDP in 2022

US$ 48.4B

FDI inflows (2023)

Leading FDI sectors

Financial activities

23.3%

Manufacturing

22.3%

Real estate

11.2%

Accommodation

10.1%

Agriculture

9.2%

Energy

6.2%

Top countries

China

45.6%

South Korea

11.8%

Singapore

6.5%

Japan

6.2%

Vietnam

5.3%

Malaysia

4.4%

US$ 22.6B

Export turnovers (2023)

Top exports

Apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted

24.2%

Electrical machinery and equipment and parts

13.8%

Apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted

10.6%

Cereals

7.7%

Leather; saddlery and harness; travel goods

7.5%

US$ 61.77B

GDP, by industry​ (2022)

Top industries

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

22.2%

Manufacturing

18.8%

Construction

14.9%

Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles

8.2%

Public administration and Other Services activities

7.9%

Doing business in Cambodia

Opportunities & challenges

Opportunities

• Ease of corporate foreign ownership

• Young population (50% of the population under 22)

• Special economic zones, dynamic tourism sector

• Increasing regional integration

Challenges

• Underdeveloped electricity and transport networks

• Dependent on Chinese funding

• A lack of skilled workforce, low value-added garment exports

• Significant governance shortcomings

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